ENGLISH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus dengan (tanda baca) koma.

Kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah kalimat yang bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya. Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”. Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan bentuk waktu reporting verb.

PENJELASAN

Untuk lebih memahami perbedaan antara direct speeh dengan indirect speech dapat dilihat dari contoh dibawah ini :

• He said : “ I am very hungry” (Direct speech)

• He said that he was very hungry (Indirect speech)

Catatan :

Dari contoh diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara direct speech dan indirect speech adalah bahwa dalam direct speech atau kalimat langsung memakai tanda kutip sedangkan dalam indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung tanda kutip tidak dipakai.

Direct dan Indirect speech dapat dibagi dalam 3 bagian :

1. Command (Perintah)

2. Statement (Pernyataan)

3. Question (Pertanyaan)

Penjelasan Tentang Statement

STATEMENT(Pernyataan)

Dalam indirect statement, “that” digunakan sebagai penghubung antar kalimat pengantar dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported speech)

Kalimat pengantar dalam statement :

He said

+that+reported words

He told me

Contoh-contoh :

• Direct : He said, “Adi is ill”

Indirect : He said that adi was ill

• Direct : She told me, “I am studying English now”

Indirect : she told me that she was studying English now

• Direct : Rina said, “he will work hard”

Indirect : Rina said that he would work hard

Catatan:

Ada beberapa perubahan perubahan dari Direct ke Indirect Speech

1. To be and Auxiliries

2. Time and Place

3. Tenses

Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :

1.        To be & Auxiliary Verbs

Direct                                       Indirect

Am/is/are                    -             was/were

Shall/will                     -             should/would

Can                             -             could

May                            -             might

Must                         

Have/has to                 -             had to

Ought to

2.        Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)

Direct                                       Indirect

now                                 -           then

tomorrow                         -           the following day

next week                        -           the following week

tonight                             -           that night

today                               -           that day

yesterday                         -           the day before

last night                          -           the night before

last week                         -           the week before,

                                                    the precious week

here                                  -           there

this                                   -           that

these                                -           those

3.        Tenses

Direct                                       Indirect

Simple present                   -        simple past

Simple past

                                           -        past perfect

Present perfect

Present continous              -        past continous

Present perfect continous  -        past perfect continous

Simple future                     -        past future

EXERCISE

1 .Robby says: “I have taken a bath”

A.Robby Said that he had taken a bath.

B. Robby Said that he has taken a bath.

C. Robby Said that he have taken a bath.

Pembahasan:

Karena have adalah V1 maka kita harus menggunakan pola perubahan yang pertama: mengganti kata yang jatuh setelah subjek:

V1 –> V2 yakni have –>had. Perubahan yang sebenarnya terjadi adalah Present Perfect tense –> Past Perfect tense.

2.Rasyid asks me: “did you come to school yesterday?”

A. Rasyid asked me if I had to come school the day before.

B.Rasyid asked me if I had come to school the day before.

C. Rasyid asked me if I has comes to school the day before.

Pembahasan:

V2 –> Past perfect. Perubahan yang terjadi sebenarnya adalah dari Simple Past tense menjadi Past Perfect tense.

3. Gafur says: ” I will have finished my duty in the end of this month”

A. Gafur said that he whose have finished his duty in the end of this month.

B. Gafur said that he would has finished his duty in the end of this month.

C.Gafur said that he would have finished his duty in the end of this month.

Pembahasan:

Pola yang kita gunakan adalah yang pertama karena will adalah V 1:

V1 (will) –> V2 (would). Perubahan yang terjadi adalah future perfect tense menjadi Past future perfect tense. Tapi sekali lagi kita tidak perlu menghafalkannya, cukup memahami pola prinsip yang saya tulis di atas.

4. Did they eat out together yesterday?

A. He asked me if they had eaten out together yesterday.

B. He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.

C. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

Pembahasan:

Direct speech berupa yes-no question dengan time reference “yesterday”. Time reference perlu diubah menjadi “the day before” atau” the previous day”.

5. Don’t turn off the light now.

A. He told me don't turn off the light at that time.

B. He told me not to turn off the light at that time.

C. He told me didn't turn off the light at that time.

Pembahasan:

Verb menjadi infinitive pada reporting commands (perintah).

6. What’s your passion?

A. She wanted to know what is my passion.

B. She wanted to know what was my passion.

C. She wanted to know what my passion was.

Pembahasan:

Direct speech berupa wh- question (information request) –> pindahkan verb ke belakang subject (word order).

7. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.

A. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

B. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

C. He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

Pembahasan:

Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb simple present tense. Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampai berita fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan merupakan past conversation).

8.The teacher asked the lazy students…..the English classes

A.How often he had attended

B.That he attended

C.When had he attended1 .Robby says: “I have taken a bath”

Pembahasan :

Jawaban How often he had attended karenapertanyaan menyatakan intensitasmurid yang malas tersebut menghindari kelas pelajaran bahasa inggris

9. Your friend has just left.

A. He told me that your friend had just left.

B. He told me that my friend has just left.

C. He told me that my friend had just left.

Pembahasan:

Verb present perfect tense disesuaikan menjadi past perfect tense.

10. Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?

A. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

B. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

C. She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.

Pembahasan:

Modal verb “can” (present) disesuakan menjadi “could” (past).

11. Why are you staring at my feet?

A. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.

B. He asked her why she was staring at his feet.

C. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.

Pembahasan:

Verb present continuous tense pada direct speech menjadi past continuous tense pada reported speech.

12. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

A. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the west.

B. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

C. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

Pembahasan:

Verb tidak berubah (menjadi past) karena pernyataan berupa general truth.

13. I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

A. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.

B. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

C. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

Pembahasan:

Time reference “tomorrow” disesuaikan menjadi “the next day” atau “the following day”.

14. We have been here for a week.

A. They said they had been there for a week.

B. They said they had been here for a week.

C. They said we had been there for a week.

Pembahasan:

“Here” pada direct speech diubah menjadi “there”.

15.    Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?

Raul         : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.

A. had gone to his country          

B. he has gone to his country      

C. he will go to his country

    Pembahasan :

  ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus

                                   past perfect)

16.    Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?

Jenifer   : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?

Ferdy     : he wanted to know ____

A. if Mary was absent          

B. why Mary was absent         

 C. . why Mary had been absent

    Pembahasan:

 (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk

                                  past perfect)

17.    Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.

Herman  : Okay, mom.

Rudy      : What did your mother just told you?

Herman  : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.

A. I wasn’t so noisy         

B. not to be so noisy          

C. don’t be noisy

    Pembahasan:

 B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

18.   Doctor   : Open your mouth!

    Mother  : What did the doctor tell you?

    Son       : The doctor told me ____

    A. that I open his mouth          

    B. if I opened my mouth          

    C. to open my mouth

        Pembahasan :

  (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)\

19.   Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?

Mother asked me ____

A. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken

B. whether I want meatball or fried chicken

C. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken

   Pembahasan:

 A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)

20. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.”

    A.He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

    B.He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

    C.He said that he began to understand the concept of Biodiversity.

    Pembahasan:

Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb simple present tense. Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampai berita fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan merupakan past conversation).